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A Critical Assessment of the Concept of a Person in the Thought of Nikolai Berdyaev and René Guénon
(2025) Petreshak, Nataliya; Obolevich, Tereza; Rarot, Halina; Mazurek, Sławomir; Sapeńko, Roman
This dissertation offers a comparative analysis of the concept of a person in the philosophical systems of Nikolai Berdyaev and René Guénon. Both thinkers, though belonging to distinct philosophical traditions, share a profound interest in the nature of human existence and its ultimate purpose. The study examines how Berdyaev and Guénon, drawing upon the rich intellectual heritage of the religious traditions, offer unique perspectives on the transformation of human. The analysis of Guénon's personalistic perspective and the comparison of the personalistic approaches of Berdyaev and Guénon are original contributions to the field of research. While both philosophers emphasize the transformative potential of human existence, their explanations of the concept of a person diverge significantly due to their distinct philosophical and religious commitments. Berdyaev, as a prominent figure in Russian religious philosophy, highlights the freedom and creativity of the individual person. His concept of Sobornost (communion) and the deification of humanity are central to his understanding of personal transformation. Guénon, on the other hand, draws from metaphysics of religious traditions and and esotericism, emphasizing the transformative potential of traditional practices and the realization of the transcendent self. By comparing and contrasting the ideas of these two influential thinkers, this dissertation aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the concept of a person. This study offers new insights into the nature of human existence and the possibilities of spiritual transformation.
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The genesis and variants of the Polish song “Krzyżu święty nade wszystko”
(Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2025) Garnczarski, Stanisław
The Polish Song Krzyżu święty nade wszystko, was created on the basis of a translation of three stanzas (no. 8–10) from the hymn Pangue lingua gloriosi preolium certaminis and a compilation with the content of the 13th-century Vita beatae Virginis Mariae et Salvatoris rhytmica and selected verses from the 15th-century Polish song Żale Marji Panny pod krzyżem, starting with an incipit Posłuchajcie, bracia miła, also known as Lament świętokrzyski. Such treatments seem to be rare in the religious poetry used in Polish sacred songs. In terms of content, the hymn in honour of the Cross was accompanied by meditations of the Mother of God, who suffered from the Crucified. The studied song has one version, and the variations are limited to changes caused by the number of stanzas, the change of words due to the modernisation of the language, or the use of synonyms. Only a few lines or words have been changed. This proves the use of the song in a commonly known form, without actually introducing changes to our times. Some sources (in the 20th-century) shortened the text to 4- or 5-stanzas. Most editions transmit the most common 16-stanzas song.
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Biology versus gender ideology: What we can learn from the successful lawsuit of Prof. Ulrich Kutschera
(Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2025) Oko, Dariusz
Professor Ulrich Kutschera, a renowned German biologist, is known not only for academic work but also for engaging the public in scientific debate. He strongly criticizes gender theory, which he considers pseudoscience, warning against its spread at universities and the misuse of research funding. Kutschera defends the biological family model as key to human development, a stance that led to public backlash and legal charges filed by a same-sex couple. After a lengthy trial, he was acquitted in all instances, presenting scientific arguments to support his position. Kutschera’s case exemplifies resistance to ideologies imposed without scientific grounding, often enforced with totalitarian methods. His attitude evokes comparisons to Andrei Sakharov’s fight against Soviet ideology. Kutschera stands as a model of courage in defending science, truth, and freedom—offering encouragement to those committed to the common good and the pursuit of truth.
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Closeness in human relationships from an interdisciplinary perspective
(Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2025) Godawa, Grzegorz
Interpersonal closeness is a research issue, the exploration of which requires an interdisciplinary approach. The realisation of this objective has resulted in the presentation of closeness from a proxemic, haptic, psychopedagogical, philosophical and theological perspective. The outcome of the exploration is showing the contexts for understanding and implementing closeness in different areas of life. The article presents an attempt to conceptualise interpersonal closeness, which draws on the author’s research. Its findings complement the literature search on the subject. Closeness is the co-presence of people and its purpose is mutual bestowing. The nature of this relationship is determined by internal factors as well as external conditions. What emerges from the analyses are postulates for establishing and strengthening closeness between people.
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The pursuit of the good life in the philosophical explorations of Immanuel Kant, Jean Nabert and Paul Ricoeur
(Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2025) Zuziak, Władysław; Żmuda-Frydrychowska, Barbara
This article will present the concept of “good life” in the ethics of I. Kant and its criticism by the representative of the philosophy of consciousness J. Nabert and P. Ricoeur. The identification of the pursuit of the “good life” with the pursuit of happiness comes from Greek eudaimonism. In Kant, the achievement of happiness was reduced to obedience to the law. The source of evil is immorality, identified by him as disobedience to the law. The limitations and erroneous assumptions of this formalistic concept were demonstrated by J. Nabert and P. Ricoeur. Nabert accused Kantian ethics of using an abstract notion of freedom and not considering the inner experience. On the basis of Kant’s criticism, Nabert developed his own concept of evil as the unjustifiable and the possibility of overcoming evil through the desire for justification. Ricoeur, in turn, criticised, among other things, the Kantian reduction of all forms of emotionality to the sphere of desire, which closes the way to a meaningful discussion of happiness, suffering or evil. Moreover, he pointed out the flaws in the very reduction of happiness to the “good life.” Against the background of these remarks, we discuss the contemporary limitations of philosophical reflections on good and evil and happiness and unhappiness.